German rule

Namibia became a German colony in 1884 to forestall British encroachment although the Palgrave mission by the British governor in Cape Town determined that only the natural deep-water harbour of Walvis Bay (Walfisch, German, Walvis, Afrikaans- Whale in English) was worth occupying (it was annexed to the Cape) and was known as German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika)[6]—apart from Walvis Bay, which was under British control. From 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in the subsequent Herero and Namaqua genocide, 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Hereros (about 80% of the population) were killed.[7][8] The survivors, when finally released from detention, were subject to a policy of dispossession, deportation, forced labor, and racial segregation and discrimination in a system that in many ways anticipated apartheid. Most Africans were confined so-called native territories, which later under South African rule post-1949 were turned into "homelands" (Bantustans). Indeed, some historians have speculated the German genocide in Namibia was a model used by Nazis in the Holocaust,[9] but most scholars say that episode was not especially influential for Nazis, who were children at the time. However, the father of Luftwaffe commander Hermann Goering was a one-time German colonial governor of Namibia and has a street named after him in Swakopmund.[10] The memory of genocide remains relevant to ethnic identity in independent Namibia and to relations with Germany.[11]

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